The student will be able to:

1. Compare and contrast elastic and static characteristics of the lung
2. Calculate carbon dioxide transport in the blood
3. Interpret arterial blood gases
4. Describe ventilation perfusion ratio differences in the lung
5. Identify components of the control of ventilation
6. Apply clinically common causes of renal failure and their effects on the patient
7. Calculate intrapulmonary shunt
8. Calculate Alveolar-arterial PO2 difference
9. Describe the influence of aging on the cardiopulmonary system
10. Describe and identify exercise, altitude, and high pressure effects on the cardiopulmonary system

1. Ventilation
   1. Static characteristics of the lungs
   2. Elastic properties of the lungs
   3. Surface tension and its effect on lung expansion
   4. Dynamic characteristics of the lungs
   5. Airway resistance
   6. Time constants
   7. Dynamic compliance
   8. Normal ventilatory patterns
   9. Alveolar ventilation versus dead space ventilation
   10. How normal intrapleural pressure differences cause regional differences in normal lung ventilation
   11. The effect of airway resistance and lung compliance on ventilatory patterns
   12. Overview of specific ventilatory pattern
2. Carbon dioxide transport and acid base balance
   1. Carbon dioxide transport in plasma and red blood cells
   2. Carbon dioxide elimination at the lungs
   3. Carbon dioxide dissociation curve
   4. Acid base balance
      1. The pH scale
      2. The buffer systems
      3. The Henderson Hasselbalch equation
   5. The role of the PC02/HCO3-/pH relationship in acid base balance
3. Interpretation of arterial blood gases
   1. Define: acidosis, alkalosis, compensated, base excess, standard bicarbonate, actual bicarbonate, respiratory, metabolic
   2. Interpret representative blood gas analysis reports and recommend appropriate therapy
4. Ventilation perfusion relationships
   1. Ventilation-perfusion ratio
      1. How the ventilation-perfusion ratio affects the alveolar gases
      2. How the ventilation-perfusion ratio affects the end-capillary gases
      3. Respiratory quotient
      4. Respiratory exchange ratio
      5. How respiratory disorders affect the V/Q ratio
5. Control of ventilation
   1. The respiratory components of the medulla
   2. Central chemoreceptors
   3. Reflexes that influence ventilation
      1. Hering-breuer inflation reflex
      2. Deflation reflex
      3. Irritant reflex
      4. Juxtapulmonary-capillary receptors
      5. Reflexes from the aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors
      6. Other stimuli that affect ventilation
6. Renal failure and its effects on the cardiopulmonary system
   1. The kidneys
   2. Urine formation
   3. Urine concentration and volume
   4. Regulation of electrolyte concentration
   5. Renal failure
   6. Cardiopulmonary problems caused by renal failure
7. Shunts
   1. Non-pulmonary factors
   2. Anatomical shunts
   3. Intrapulmonary shunts
   4. Physiologic shunts
   5. Shunt equation
   6. Clinical significance of shunts
8. Alveolar-arterial difference
   1. FiO2 effects on P(A-a)O2
   2. Abnormal gas exchange
   3. Hypoventilation
   4. Absolute shunt
9. Aging and its effects on the cardiopulmonary system
   1. Influence of aging on the respiratory system
   2. Pulmonary gas exchange
   3. Arterial blood gases
   4. Influence of aging on the cardiovascular system
10. Exercise, altitude, and high pressure effects on the cardiopulmonary system
    1. Exercise and its effects on the cardiopulmonary system
       1. Ventilation
       2. Circulation
       3. Interrelationships between muscle work, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output
       4. The influence of training on the heart and on cardiac output
       5. Stroke volume vs. heart rate in increasing the cardiac output
       6. Body temperature/cutaneous blood flow relationship
    2. High altitude and its effects on the cardiopulmonary system
       1. High altitude
       2. Ventilation
       3. Polycythemia
       4. Acid-base status
       5. Oxygen diffusion capacity
       6. Alveolar-arterial P02 difference
       7. Ventilation-perfusion relationship
       8. Cardiac output
       9. Pulmonary vascular system
       10. Other physiologic changes
       11. Sleep
       12. Myoglobin concentration
       13. Acute mountain sickness
       14. High altitude pulmonary edema
       15. High altitude cerebral edema
       16. Chronic mountain sickness
    3. High pressure environments and their effects on the cardiopulmonary system
       1. Diving

Not applicable.

Quizzes, midterms, and final examination, consisting of problem-solving and application of principles at the level of the respiratory therapist

Lecture presentations and classroom discussion on the topic of respiratory physiology, acid base physiology, and ventilation perfusion ratios
Demonstration and practical application of respiratory calculations

Beachey. Respiratory Care Anatomy and Physiology, 5th ed.. 2022.

Kacmarek, Stoller, and Heuer. Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 12th ed.. 2020.

1. Assigned reading from required textbooks and lab manual competencies relevant to course content. Reading assignments will average 20-40 pages per week