The student will be able to:
A. Define acute respiratory failure.
B. Discuss the causes of respiratory failure.
C. Differentiate between Type I, Type II, and Type I and Type II respiratory failure.
D. Discuss the indications for ventilatory support.
E. Classify ventilators and describe how they work.
F. Classify and define different modes of ventilation.
G. Identify the physiologic effects of ventilatory support.
H. Initiate and manage invasive ventilatory support.
I. Discuss application of noninvasive ventilation (NIV).
J. Discuss the principle of monitoring the patient in the intensive care unit.
K. Describe discontinuing ventilatory support.

A. Define acute respiratory failure
1. Definition
2. Sign and symptoms
3. Arterial blood gas analysis
B. Discuss the causes of respiratory failure
1. Hypoxemic respiratory failure (Type I)
2. Hypercapneic respiratory failure (Type II)
3. Chronic respiratory failure (Type I and Type II)
C. Differentiate between Type I, Type II, and Type I and Type II respiratory failure
1. Hypoxemic respiratory failure (Type I)
a. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
b. Shunt
c. Alveolar hypoventilation
d. Diffusion impairment
e. Perfusion/diffusion impairment
f. Decreased inspired oxygen
g. Venous admixture
h. Differentiating the causes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
2. Hypercapneic respiratory failure (Type II)
a. Insidious exposure
b. Increased carbon dioxide production
c. Impairment in respiratory control
d. Impairment in respiratory effectors
3. Chronic respiratory failure (Type I and Type II)
a. Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure
b. Complications of acute respiratory failure
c. Clinical presentation
D. Indications for ventilatory support
1. Inadequate alveolar ventilation
2. Inadequate lung expansion
3. Inadequate muscle strength
4. Increased work of breathing
5. Hypoxemia
E. Ventilators
1. How they work
a. Input power
b. Power transmission and conversion
c. Control system
2. Output waveforms
a. Pressure
b. Volume
c. Flow
3. Operator interface
a. Input displays
b. Output displays
4. Types of ventilators
a. Critical care
b. Conventional
c. Subacute care
d. Home care
e. Transport
f. Noninvasive
F. Modes of ventilation
1. Control variables
a. Pressure control
b. Volume control
2. Breath sequence
a. Spontaneous breaths
b. Mandatory breaths
c. Continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)
d. Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
e. Continuous spontaneous ventilation (CSV)
f. Breathing pattern
3. Targetting scheme
a. Open loop control
b. Closed loop control
G. Physiologic effects of ventilatory support
1. Pressure and pressure gradients
2. Effects of mechanical ventilation on ventilation
3. Effects of mechanical ventilation on oxygenation
4. Effects of mechanical ventilation on lung mechanics
5. Minimizing adverse pulmonary effects of positive pressure mechanical ventilation
6. Physiologic effects of ventilatory modes
7. Cardiovascular effects of positive pressure mechanical ventilation
8. Effects of positive pressure mechanical ventilation on other body systems
9. Complications of mechanical ventilation
H. Initiating and adjusting invasive ventilatory support
1. Goals
2. Initial ventilator settings
3. Adjusting ventilatory support
4. Oxygenation
5. Ventilation
I. Application of noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
1. History and development of NIV
2. Indications for NIV
3. Patient selection
4. Equipment selection
5. Management of NIV
6. Complications of NIV
J. Monitoring the patient in the intensive care unit
1. Respiratory monitoring
2. Cardiac monitoring
3. Neurologic monitoring
4. Renal and liver function monitoring
5. Nutritional monitoring
6. Global monitoring indices
K. Discontinuing ventilatory support
1. Ventilator dependance
2. Patient evaluation
3. Methods
4. Monitoring the patient during weaning
5. Extubation

A. Ventilators
1. How they work
a. Input power
b. Power transmission and conversion
c. Control system
2. Output waveforms
a. Pressure
b. Volume
c. Flow
3. Operator interface
a. Input displays
b. Output displays
4. Types of ventilators
a. Critical care
b. Conventional
c. Subacute care
d. Home care
e. Transport
f. Noninvasive
B. Modes of ventilation
1. Control variables
a. Pressure control
b. Volume control
2. Breath sequence
a. Spontaneous breaths
b. Mandatory breaths
c. Continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)
d. Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
e. Continuous spontaneous ventilation (CSV)
f. Breathing pattern
3. Targetting scheme
a. Open loop control
b. Closed loop control
C. Initiating and adjusting invasive ventilatory support
1. Goals
2. Initial ventilator settings
3. Adjusting ventilatory support
4. Oxygenation
5. Ventilation
D. Application of noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
1. History and development of NIV
2. Indications for NIV
3. Patient selection
4. Equipment selection
5. Management of NIV
6. Complications of NIV
E. Monitoring the patient in the intensive care unit
1. Respiratory monitoring
2. Cardiac monitoring
3. Neurologic monitoring
4. Renal and liver function monitoring
5. Nutritional monitoring
6. Global monitoring indices
F. Discontinuing ventilatory support
1. Ventilator dependance
2. Patient evaluation
3. Methods
4. Monitoring the patient during weaning
5. Extubation

A. Lab performance
B. Written exams
C. May include:
1. Quizzes
2. Midterm
3. Final exam
4. Laboratory final

A. Lecture
B. Discussion
C. Laboratory
D. Demonstration
E. Lab competencies demonstrated in skills

Kacmarek, Stoller, and Heuer. Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2017. ISBN: 9780323341363
Kacmarek, Stoller, and Heuer. Workbook for Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2017. ISBN: 9780323358521
Hinski. Respiratory Care Clinical Competency Lab Manual. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2014. ISBN:9780323100571
 

A. Reading assignments
B. Workbook assignments
C. Competencies related to course content