The student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate a thorough knowledge base of performance enhancing substances and how they relate to sport, exercise, and contemporary society
2. Understand and apply theories of addiction used to examine performance enhancing substance use/abuse
3. Analyze substance definitions, populations, substance use/abuse, and substance effects—physical, psychological, and social
4. Analyze and communicate critical thought regarding current social and behavioral issues relating to performance enhancing substances in sport and exercise and broader contexts
5. Classify and differentiate drug types, symptoms, and performance effects, both short- and long-term
6. Distinguish and compare social populations and recreational drug use
7. Examine and compare issues surrounding drug testing, state and federal laws, and sport testing

1. Introduction and history of performance enhancing drugs
   1. Sport/exercise history, issues, and population analysis
   2. Why the demand?
   3. Ethics, morality, legality
   4. Social implications of substance use/abuse
2. Theories of addiction
   1. Medical model
   2. Psychodynamic model
   3. Social model
   4. Moral model
   5. Bio-psycho-social model
3. Anabolics
   1. Definition, issues, use, and populations
   2. Anabolic-androgenic steroids
   3. Beta-2 antagonists
   4. Growth hormone
   5. Human chorionic gonadotropin
   6. Effects on performance
   7. Greater societal effects/issues
4. Blood doping
   1. Definition, use, issues, population, and history
   2. Erythropoietin
   3. Effects on performance
   4. Social implications/issues
5. Diuretics
   1. Definition, use, issues, and populations
   2. Effects on performance
   3. Social implications/issues
6. Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics and depressants
   1. Definition, use, issues, and populations
   2. Narcotic analgesics
   3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids
   4. Hypnotics, anxiolytics, and neuroleptics
   5. Beta-adrenergic antagonists
   6. Effects on performance
   7. Social implications/issues
7. Nutritional ergogenic aids
   1. Definition, use, issues, and populations
   2. Macronutrients and metabolic intermediates
   3. Creatine as an ergogenic supplement
   4. Sodium bicarbonate
   5. Herbals
   6. Effects on performance
   7. Social implications/issues
8. Social and recreational drugs
   1. Definition, use, issues, and populations
   2. Alcohol
   3. Marijuana
   4. Effects on performance
   5. Fact vs. myth
   6. Social implications/issues
9. Stimulants
   1. Definition, use, issues, and populations
   2. Amphetamines
   3. Caffeine
   4. Cocaine
   5. Ephedrine
   6. Effects on performance
   7. Social implications/issues
10. Drug testing
    1. Methodology and history
    2. Legal context
    3. Issues and populations
11. The future of performance enhancing substances in sport and exercise
    1. Issues and concerns
    2. Supply and demand—the marketplace
    3. Emerging science and technologies

Not applicable.

Unit quizzes
Mid-term exam
Final exam
Academic research paper

Lecture
Discussion
Cooperative learning exercises
Electronic discussions/chat
Independent study
Demonstration

King, Tony. Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports. 2014.

Although this text is older than the suggested "5 years or newer" standard, it remains a seminal text in this area of study.

1. Chapters from text
2. Supplemental articles
3. Reporting on empirical academic research
4. Reflections on how to change a substance-abusing culture
5. Synthesis of historical and social relevance to performance enhancing drugs in sport and exercise