The student will be able to:

1. Identify the common medical emergencies that occur in the dental office
2. Describe the underlying biological processes responsible for the emergency
3. Describe the signs and symptoms for common medical emergencies
4. List procedures to manage common medical emergencies
5. Indicate the methods to prevent common medical emergencies in the dental office
6. Identify the drugs and equipment used in the treatment of common medical emergencies and the components of a basic emergency kit and their primary uses in the emergency
7. Identify patients who are at higher risk for medical emergencies through physical evaluations, such as vital signs and ASA assessment
8. Practice simulated emergency situations and describe the procedures which would be appropriate in the management of these situations
9. Describe the legal and ethical responsibilities of the dental team in the management of emergency situations

1. Identify the common medical emergencies that occur in the dental office
   1. Syncope
   2. Postural hypotension
   3. Angina
   4. Acute myocardial infarct
   5. Cerebrovascular accident
   6. Choking
   7. Hyperventilation
   8. Asthma
   9. Drug related emergencies
   10. Diabetes mellitus
2. Describe the underlying biological processes responsible for the emergency
   1. Pathophysiology
   2. Contribution of stress and anxiety
   3. Pre-existing conditions
3. Describe the signs and symptoms for common medical emergencies
   1. Clinical manifestations
4. Identify procedures to manage common medical emergencies
   1. Conscious patient vs. unconscious patient
   2. Patient positioning
   3. Airway-breathing-circulation (BLS)
   4. Definitive care
   5. Staff assignments
5. Examine the methods to prevent common medical emergencies in the dental office
   1. Medical history assessment
      1. Dialogue history
      2. Medical history questions indicating undiagnosed conditions
      3. Medical history questions indicating ASA status
      4. Medical consultation
   2. Treatment modifications
      1. Stress reduction protocol
         1. Premedication
            1. Antianxiety agent
         2. Appointment planning
         3. Length of appointment
         4. Psychosedation
         5. Pain control
   3. Office and staff preparation
      1. Staff assignments
         1. Emergency kit expiration date and compressed oxygen availability
         2. Assignments during an emergency
      2. Practice drills
6. Identify the drugs and equipment used in the treatment of common medical emergencies and the components of a basic emergency kit and their primary uses in the emergency
   1. Equipment
      1. Blood pressure cuff and stethoscope
      2. Oxygen
      3. AED unit
      4. Ambu bag
   2. Drugs
      1. Nitroglycerin pills or spray
      2. Antihistamine
      3. Epinephrine
      4. Inhaler
      5. Analgesic
      6. Ammonia vaporale
      7. Glucose
7. Evaluate patients who are at higher risk for medical emergencies through physical evaluations, such as vital signs and ASA assessment
   1. American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status classification system
      1. ASA I
      2. ASA II
      3. ASA III
      4. ASA IV
      5. ASA V and ASA VI
8. Practice simulated emergency situations and demonstrate the procedures which would be appropriate in the management of these situations
   1. Syncope
   2. Postural hypotension
   3. Angina
   4. Acute myocardial infarct
   5. Cerebrovascular accident
   6. Choking
   7. Hyperventilation
   8. Asthma
   9. Drug related emergencies
   10. Diabetes mellitus
9. Analyze the legal and ethical responsibilities of the dental team in the management of emergency situations
   1. Liability to staff and dentist
   2. Risk management
      1. Liability insurance
      2. Incident report form
      3. Documentation in the patient chart
      4. Communication strategies
   3. Standard of care
   4. Respondeat superior
   5. Ethics
      1. Patient autonomy
         1. Informed consent
      2. Nonmaleficence
      3. Veracity
      4. Competence
      5. Integrity

Not applicable.

Multiple choice and short quizzes
Multiple choice midterm and final exam
Essay type homework assignments

Lecture
Discussion
Demonstration

Malamed, S.F.. Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office, 8th ed. (ISBN-13: 9780323776158). 2022.

1. Online assignments and practice test
2. Essay type assignments for emergency scenarios and ethical dilemma
3. Chapter readings in assigned textbook, 2-3 chapters per week