The student will be able to:

1. Analyze the processes that lead to cell injury and describe responses for healing, including inflammation and fever.
2. Analyze the immune response and evaluate some diseases that affect immunity.
3. Describe and distinguish the pathophysiology of the cardiac, respiratory, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, hematologic and oncologic diseases, neurologic, central nervous system, and psychiatric/behavioral disorders.
4. Assess the pharmacologic agents used to treat various diseases, including the effects, side effects, drug interactions, and modifications to care.
5. Demonstrate a working knowledge of the most commonly prescribed medications and the implications for patient care.

1. Concepts of the pathologic process
   1. Etiology
   2. Resistance and susceptibility
   3. Pathogenesis
   4. Disease manifestations
   5. Reversible cell injury
   6. Irreversible cell injury
2. Inflammation and repair
   1. Acute inflammatory response
   2. Cellular components of the acute inflammatory response
   3. Chemical mediators of inflammation
   4. Systemic manifestations of inflammation
   5. Drugs used in the management of inflammatory diseases
3. Immunologic diseases
   1. Immune system and response
   2. Allergy
   3. Rheumatologic and connective tissue disorders
   4. AIDS, HIV
   5. Autoimmune diseases
   6. Drugs used in the management of immunologic diseases
   7. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
4. Cardiovascular disease
   1. Hypertension
   2. Ischemic heart disease
   3. Cardiac dysrhythmias
   4. Heart defects and disorders
   5. Drugs used in the management of cardiac diseases
   6. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
5. Pulmonary diseases
   1. Upper respiratory diseases
   2. Lower respiratory diseases
   3. Obstructive pulmonary diseases
   4. Drugs used in the management of pulmonary diseases
   5. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
6. Endocrine diseases
   1. Diabetes mellitus
   2. Thyroid diseases
   3. Adrenal insufficiency
   4. Pregnancy
   5. Drugs used in the management of endocrine diseases/disorders
   6. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
7. Gastrointestinal diseases
   1. Liver disease
   2. Gastroesophageal reflux
   3. Peptic ulcers
   4. Crohn disease
   5. Inflammatory bowel disease
   6. Drugs used in the management of gastrointestinal diseases
   7. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
8. Genitourniary disease
   1. Chronic renal failure and dialysis
   2. Renal transplant
   3. Sexually transmitted diseases
   4. Drugs used in the management of genitourniary diseases
   5. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
9. Hematologic and oncologic diseases
   1. Hematopoietic system
   2. Pathogenesis of cancer
      1. Types of tumors: benign, premalignant, malignant
      2. Staging of tumors
      3. Treatments for cancer
   3. Disorders of the red blood cells
   4. Disorders of the white blood cells
   5. Bleeding disorders
   6. Drugs used in the management of hematologic and oncologic diseases
   7. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
10. Neurologic disorders and central nervous system disorders
    1. Epilepsy
    2. Parkinson disease
    3. Bells palsy
    4. Dementia and Alzheimer's
    5. Stroke
    6. Drugs used in the management of neurologic diseases
    7. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care
11. Psychiatric and behavioral disorders
    1. Anxiety
    2. Depression
    3. Eating disorders
    4. Bipolar disorder
    5. Schizophrenia
    6. Drugs used in the management of psychiatric and behavioral disorders
    7. Treatment considerations and modifications to patient care

Not applicable.

Critical thinking patient case study exercises. The patient case studies will require research, analysis, and in-depth study of diseases and medications to create an evidence based treatment plan for a given patient
Application of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) principles that include: using the highest quality recent research, applying professional knowledge and skills, collaboration to arrive at patient-centered decisions, and evaluating outcomes
Critical writing assignments on focused clinical questions
Objective examinations

Lecture
Online presentation of course material
Cooperative learning exercises - patient case studies
Electronic discussions/chat

DeLong, Leslie, and Nancy Burkhart. General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 3rd ed.. 2019.

Lexi-Comp. Drug Information Handbook, USA, 29th ed.. 2020.

Little, Falace, Miller, and Rhodus. Dental Management of the Medically Complex Patient, 9th ed.. 2017.

1. Web-based research of diseases and related medications
2. Submission of written reports using current evidence based scientific literature
3. Weekly critical thinking projects on complex patient case studies with different diseases and pharmacological agents
4. Weekly reading assignments in the textbook and current scientific journals of approximately 30-50 pages